"Arabic literature," like "Western literature," is a misnomer, since neither is monolithic. Western literature includes not only English-language literature, but also literature in Latin, French, German, Italian, Spanish ... a great diversity of literature in a great diversity of languages and scripts. Likewise, Arabic literature, while written primarily in Classical Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic, is drawn from what often are centuries-old oral traditions in Colloquial Arabic, Maghrebi Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, Gulf Arabic, Levantine Arabic, Iraqi Arabic and Judeo-Arabic (to name but a few). Supporting and promoting this great diversity of literature are some of the world's most beautiful calligraphic scripts, including Naskh (most commonly used for printing books); Nastaʿlīq (primarily a Persian script, also known as Ta'liq or Farsi, and of great beauty -- see below); Ruq'ah; Thuluth; and Kufic (again, to name but a few):
Taken as a whole, Arabic literature has always been more about poetry than about prose, at least up until the 20th century. While compilations of folktales and stories like those of The Arabian Nights certainly feature prominently in the literature, even these usually contain large sections of saj` (rhymed prose). This reflects a common preoccupation of Arabic literature, that it be both pleasing to the ear and easy to remember. A snippet of one of the earliest and most famous poems in Arabic literature (The Poem Of Imru-Ul-Quais) is reproduced below (trans. F. E. Johnson):
...Early in the morning, while the birds were still nesting, I mounted my steed.
Well-bred was he, long-bodied, outstripping the wild beasts in speed,
Swift to attack, to flee, to turn, yet firm as a rock swept down by the torrent,
Bay-colored, and so smooth the saddle slips from him, as the rain from a smooth stone,
Thin but full of life, fire boils within him like the snorting of a boiling kettle;
He continues at full gallop when other horses are dragging their feet in the dust for weariness.
A boy would be blown from his back, and even the strong rider loses his garments.
Fast is my steed as a top when a child has spun it well.
He has the flanks of a buck, the legs of an ostrich, and the gallop of a wolf.
From behind, his thick tail hides the space between his thighs, and almost sweeps the ground.
When he stands before the house, his back looks like the huge grinding-stone there.
The blood of many leaders of herds is in him, thick as the juice of henna in combed white hair.
As I rode him we saw a flock of wild sheep, the ewes like maidens in long-trailing robes;
They turned for flight, but already he had passed the leaders before they could scatter.
He outran a bull and a cow and killed them both, and they were made ready for cooking;
Yet he did not even sweat so as to need washing.
We returned at evening, and the eye could scarcely realize his beauty
For, when gazing at one part, the eye was drawn away by the perfection of another part.
He stood all night with his saddle and bridle on him,
He stood all night while I gazed at him admiring, and did not rest in his stable....
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